在現代電力系統中，匯流排作為電力傳輸的關鍵設備，其穩定運行至關重要。然而，匯流排在工作時會產生熱量，若散熱與溫升控制不當，會嚴重影響電力系統的可靠性和安全性。因此，深入了解並有效控制匯流排的散熱與溫升具有重要意義。
In modern power systems, Busway, as key equipment for power transmission, their stable operation is of utmost importance. However, Busway generate heat during operation. If heat dissipation and temperature rise are not properly controlled, it will seriously affect the reliability and safety of the power system. Therefore, it is of great significance to deeply understand and effectively control the heat dissipation and temperature rise of Busway.
匯流排主要透過熱傳導、熱對流和熱輻射三種方式散熱。熱傳導是熱量在導體、絕緣材料和外殼等固體物質間傳遞。比如在密集型匯流排裡，多根緊密壓在一起的導電排與外殼接觸良好，熱量能高效地傳導至外殼，進而散發出去。熱對流依靠空氣或液體的流動來轉移熱量。熱輻射則是匯流排以電磁波形式向周圍空間輻射熱量，如在封閉匯流排外表面噴塗淺灰色油漆可減少對可見光的吸收，內表面噴塗黑色油漆可加強內部熱量對外殼的輻射。
Busway mainly dissipate heat through three ways: heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation. Heat conduction is the transfer of heat among solid substances such as conductors, insulating materials, and enclosures. For example, in a compact Busway, multiple conductive bars tightly pressed together have good contact with the enclosure, and heat can be efficiently conducted to the enclosure and then dissipated. Heat convection relies on the flow of air or liquid to transfer heat. Heat radiation is the process in which Busway radiate heat to the surrounding space in the form of electromagnetic waves. For instance, spraying light gray paint on the outer surface of a closed Busway can reduce the absorption of visible light, and spraying black paint on the inner surface can enhance the radiation of internal heat to the enclosure.
匯流排的溫升是運行溫度與環境溫度的差值。運行時，由於導體電阻的存在，會產生焦耳熱使溫度升高。過高的溫升危害極大，一方面會加速絕緣材料老化，降低絕緣性能，增加漏電和短路風險。另一方面，溫升過高會增大導體電阻率，增加電能損耗，降低電力傳輸效率，還會影響周圍設備正常運行，縮短其使用壽命。
The temperature rise of a Busway is the difference between the operating temperature and the ambient temperature. During operation, due to the existence of conductor resistance, Joule heat is generated, causing the temperature to rise. Excessive temperature rise is extremely harmful. On the one hand, it will accelerate the aging of insulating materials, reduce insulation performance, and increase the risks of electric leakage and short - circuits. On the other hand, too high a temperature rise will increase the conductor resistivity, increase power consumption, reduce power transmission efficiency, affect the normal operation of surrounding equipment, and shorten their service life.
導體材料的電阻率對匯流排發熱影響顯著，銅因其電阻率低成為常用導體材料，含銅量越高，導電性能越好，電阻越小，發熱越少。導體截面積也與溫升緊密相關，相同條件下，截面積越大，電流密度越小，發熱越低；反之，若截面積過小，電流密度過大，溫升會急劇升高。
The resistivity of the conductor material has a significant impact on the heating of Busway. Copper, with its low resistivity, has become a commonly used conductor material. The higher the copper content, the better the electrical conductivity, the lower the resistance, and the less heat generated. The cross - sectional area of the conductor is also closely related to the temperature rise. Under the same conditions, the larger the cross - sectional area, the smaller the current density, and the lower the heat generation. Conversely, if the cross - sectional area is too small, the current density will be too large, and the temperature rise will increase sharply.
絕緣材料需兼具良好絕緣性與一定導熱性。傳統 PVC 套管絕緣材料導熱係數低，不利於散熱；新型的環氧樹脂流化等絕緣材料，在保障絕緣性能的同時，導熱性更好，能有效傳遞導體熱量，降低溫升。絕緣結構設計同樣重要，如絕緣層厚度、與導體的貼合程度等，都會影響熱量傳導和散發。
Insulating materials need to have both good insulation properties and certain thermal conductivity. Traditional PVC sleeve insulating materials have a low thermal conductivity, which is not conducive to heat dissipation. New insulating materials such as epoxy resin fluidization, while ensuring insulation performance, have better thermal conductivity and can effectively transfer the heat of the conductor and reduce the temperature rise. The design of the insulation structure is also important. Factors such as the thickness of the insulation layer and the degree of fit with the conductor will affect heat conduction and dissipation.
匯流排外殼不僅起保護作用，對散熱也至關重要。採用鋁合金等導熱性能好的材料製作外殼，能快速傳導內部熱量，提高散熱效率。
The enclosure of the Busway not only plays a protective role but is also crucial for heat dissipation. Using materials with good thermal conductivity such as aluminum alloy to make the enclosure can quickly conduct the internal heat and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.
匯流排的散熱與溫升控制是保障電力系統安全穩定運行的關鍵環節。透過深入了解散熱與溫升原理及影響因素，採取優化設計、安裝與佈局以及採用監控與保護措施等一系列有效方法和技術，可有效降低匯流排溫升，提高散熱效率，確保其在各種工況下可靠運行。
The control of heat dissipation and temperature rise of Busway is a key link in ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems. By deeply understanding the principles of heat dissipation and temperature rise and their influencing factors, and adopting a series of effective methods and technologies such as optimized design, installation and layout, as well as the use of monitoring and protection measures, the temperature rise of Busway can be effectively reduced, the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, and its reliable operation under various working conditions can be ensured.